Which bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?

Mycobacterium bovis is the bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. This organism is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and primarily affects cattle, but it can also infect other animals and humans. Understanding the specific causative agent is crucial for effective disease management and control measures in both livestock and human populations.

Mycobacterium bovis primarily spreads through respiratory droplets from infected animals, making it a significant concern for herd health and public health. Control strategies may include testing and culling of infected animals, vaccination in some regions, and rigorous biosecurity measures to prevent its spread.

In contrast, the other options listed represent different pathogens that cause various illnesses but are not linked to tuberculosis in cattle. For example, Escherichia coli is commonly associated with enteric diseases, Salmonella enterica is known for causing foodborne illnesses, and Brucella abortus is responsible for brucellosis, which affects reproductive systems in cattle. Recognizing the specific pathogen responsible for each disease is critical for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in veterinary practice.